Which pump uses the shape of its casing to direct the discharge?

The centrifugal pump is designed with a casing that plays a critical role in directing the flow of fluid during operation. In this type of pump, fluid enters the impeller, which is rotatable and spins to impart kinetic energy to the fluid. As the fluid moves through the impeller, the casing, often shaped like a volute or a diffuser, helps convert the kinetic energy into pressure energy. The unique contour of the casing is specifically engineered to guide the fluid smoothly towards the discharge outlet, ensuring efficient flow and minimizing turbulence.

This is a fundamental aspect of centrifugal pumps that distinguishes them from other types, such as reciprocating or diaphragm pumps, which do not utilize a shaped casing in the same way to direct discharge. Reciprocating pumps, for instance, rely on a piston moving within a cylinder to create pressure, while diaphragm pumps use flexible diaphragms to move fluid, without a shaped casing directing the flow. Similarly, vacuum pumps operate based on displacement or kinetic principles but do not have the same casing features that assist in directing discharge like a centrifugal pump does. Thus, the design and function of the casing in centrifugal pumps are key to their operation and efficiency.