Deposits of calcium and magnesium carbonates on the boiler surface cause what?

Deposits of calcium and magnesium carbonates on the boiler surface lead to the formation of scale. Scale develops when minerals precipitate out of the water and accumulate on surfaces, particularly in areas of high temperature, such as the walls of a boiler. This buildup can significantly impair the efficiency of heat transfer, leading to overheating of the boiler tubes, potential damage, and increased fuel consumption.

The presence of scale can insulate the heat transfer surfaces, which not only necessitates higher energy input to maintain desired temperatures but can also contribute to other issues such as localized overheating or even catastrophic failure in severe cases. Thus, maintaining proper water chemistry and regular cleaning to manage scale formation is crucial in boiler operation and maintenance.